Back to Labor Laws Directory

United States Federal Labor Laws

Federal labor laws set the baseline employment standards that apply to all employers across the United States. While many states have additional requirements, understanding federal law is essential for compliance.

Note: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered legal advice. Always consult with a qualified employment attorney or your state labor department for specific compliance guidance.

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)

The FLSA establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards.

Key Requirements

  • Federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour (as of 2025)
  • Non-exempt employees must receive overtime pay at 1.5x their regular rate for hours worked over 40 in a workweek
  • Employers must maintain accurate records of hours worked and wages paid
  • Youth under 16 have restricted work hours and cannot work in hazardous occupations

Additional Resources

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

FMLA provides eligible employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave per year.

Key Requirements

  • Applies to employers with 50 or more employees
  • Employees must have worked for the employer for at least 12 months
  • Leave can be taken for birth/adoption, serious health condition, or military family leave
  • Health benefits must be maintained during FMLA leave
  • Employees must be restored to their original or equivalent position upon return

Additional Resources

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

OSHA ensures safe and healthful working conditions by setting and enforcing standards.

Key Requirements

  • Employers must provide a workplace free from serious recognized hazards
  • Required to comply with OSHA standards and regulations
  • Must maintain records of work-related injuries and illnesses
  • Employees have the right to request an OSHA inspection
  • Protection against retaliation for exercising OSHA rights

Additional Resources

Break and Meal Period Requirements

Federal law does not require meal or rest breaks, but if provided, certain rules apply.

Key Requirements

  • Short breaks (5-20 minutes) must be paid if provided
  • Meal periods (typically 30 minutes or more) may be unpaid if employee is completely relieved of duties
  • Nursing mothers must be provided reasonable break time to express milk for one year after birth
  • A private space (not a bathroom) must be provided for nursing mothers
  • Many states have additional break requirements beyond federal law

Additional Resources

State vs. Federal Labor Laws

When both federal and state labor laws apply to your business, you must comply with whichever law provides greater protection to employees. For example:

  • If your state minimum wage is higher than federal, you must pay the state minimum wage
  • If your state requires meal breaks but federal law doesn't, you must provide meal breaks
  • If your state has stricter overtime rules, those take precedence

Need Help Staying Compliant?

Rightwork's scheduling software automatically applies federal and state labor laws to your schedules, helping you avoid costly compliance violations.

Learn More About Rightwork